Social Class in to Kill a Mockingbird

There are many different social classes in â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird. † The factors that separate people into these social classes are their skin color and their occupation. For example, Atticus, Scout, and Jem are part of the highest social class. They are part of this social class because Atticus is a lawyer, which makes him a highly respected person in the community. He is also white, which, at that time was a very important factor that chose who belonged in what social class. Scout and Jem are his children and therefore are also part of this social class. Another person in this same social class is Miss Maudie Atkinson.She grew up with the Finch’s and is an old friend of theirs. She is now Atticus’s neighbor and is loved by his children. Aunt Alexandra is also part if this because she is known as the â€Å"perfect example of what a southern lady should act like. † She is part of the Finch’s family and is highly respected by the community. One of the very important rules of belonging in this social class is to treat white people with lesser status kindly. It is an unwritten rule that white people with a higher social class than other white people must be hospitable and treat them with respect.An example of this is when Walter Cunningham is invited by Jem to come over for dinner. When Scout notices Walter using a lot of gravy during dinner she is rude to him and as a result is punished by Calpurnia. The reason for this is because Walter is of a lower class and was invited to eat with Atticus and his family. As a result, it is rude not to let him do and eat what he wants to. An example of a person who is in the next social class is Mrs. DuBose. She is a nasty women and one of the factors that hints that she is not part of the higher social class is the way she talks to her community members.She is supposed to be kind and respectful to the white people of Maycomb, like Jem. Even though she is nice to Atticus, she talks badly about him behind his back. That is not a quality that a person of a high status would have. Therefore, she isn’t part of that social class. The next social class is the poor, yet respectable white people. The Cunningham’s are in this class because even though they are poor, they manage to live their life by borrowing money and paying back the money borrowed with items from the farm instead of money. Under them are theEwell’s, who are poor and disgusting. They are completely rude and so are their children, but they are still in a higher social class than black people since they are white. The next social class is wealthy or middle-class black people. Calpurnia is a part of this class and only is for the reason that she is black. She has all the qualities of a good southern lady, and has perfect manners. She is respected and in good relations with the Finch family. Calpurnia would be in the same social class as Atticus Finch if she weren’t black. Another p erson who is in this class is Reverend Sykes.He met Jem and Scout in church and showed how much he respected them and their father for defending the Tom Robinson case. He welcomed them and was very friendly, therefore in the same class as Calpurnia. The last social class is the poor and black people. Lula is in this social class. She is disgraceful to the black people and her motto is that the black people should stick to own community and the white should stay with there’s. She was harsh and shallow to someone who is of her kind (Calpurnia) and she was harsh to two innocent kids just because they are white. There is a very interesting relationship between the white people and black.The majority of the black people is more mature and has much more class. They accept themselves and their status. They accept how they don’t get credit for all their work. They accept always having the worse of things, like the First Purchase church, which is a very beaten down church. They accept not getting an education with barely any complaints. No matter how much they tolerate, the white people cannot stand them at all and are so afraid of the truth because it means going against a white person’s word. The fact that white people don’t treat white people equally contributes greatly to the way the social classes are separated.

Introduction To Ethics Essay

Ethics is the study of the nature of moral virtues and evaluates human actions. Ethics come from agreements between people, duty considerations and considerations of the consequences of various actions we involve ourselves into. Philosophical ethics is the study of morality through rational means guided in human well-being. The three subsections of philosophical ethics are; normative ethics-is the study of moral standards that makes us judge our actions as wring or wrong or good from bad. Meta-ethics – is concerned with the meaning of ethical judgments that is responsible for the truth and validity of our actions. Meta-ethics assists us determine whether an opinion can be applied to any situation at present or in future. It asks questions such as; what’s the meaning of ethical terms such as good and right, the motives for acting ethically, the nature of moral reason. Applied Ethics – is the application of moral philosophy to real-life situations that have been investigated in normative ethics and judged on the lessons of meta-ethics. According to Paul Newall article moral philosophy is divided into branches; meta-ethics and normative ethics. The two have some differences according to how they are applied in the day to day real–life situations. Normative ethics is concerned with ethical questions that guide us in all what we do on a daily such as â€Å"What has value? † and â€Å"What are our moral obligations? † such questions give us our character and personality. Meta-ethics on its side is concerned with philosophical questions about ethics such as â€Å"What is value? † and â€Å"What can make it the case that we ought to do something? †. A personal ethical situation I experienced involved my neighbor who was caught stealing neighbor at the market place. Since police officers were not around to arrest him the mob took the chance to bit and stone him in protest. Being a person I had known over a period of time, I felt ethically right to save his live from the swelling mob. At first, I had to stop the mob from biting and stoning him, through dialogue. But my greatest fear was that the mob may turn and direct their anger towards me because I was protecting to protect a criminal who has been terrorizing them, but this did not happen since the crowd listened and accepted my request. In my opinion, it was ethically wrong for my neighbor to steal what others had ethically through struggle and hard work. He thus deserved to be punished, but the way the mob chose to punish the offender was totally unethical since the federal laws and regulations that govern the state should be followed in such a case. Being a quite tricky situation, I requested the mob first to stop any further biting and stoning and took the chance to dialogue and discuss with them other possible ways of punishing the offender such as taking him to the law officers. The mob seemed not to reason ethically at first because the police had in many cases fallen short of providing adequate security and the residents had no trust in them anymore. When I finally won them, I narrowed further to the issue of acting contrary to the state laws and the implications of their actions and even explained to them that the offender has right to live. The reason for this approach was that the mob seemed to have no moral standards and obligations to judge between good and bad. In many occasion, the mob makes wrong decisions but evaluates their action after an ffence has been committed, in this case the death of my neighbor. In my opinion their action was bad and could not be justified ethically, philosophically the mob morality was not rational and was not grounded in the notion of human happiness for both the accused ad the accusers. According to Newall’s explanation of normative ethics, several ethical questions must be questioned by all the participants in the whole process. First, my neighbor should have analyzed whether his decision to steal had any moral obligation and any value. Such a personal question should have stopped him from making the decision to steal. His morals could have been provoked and changed of mind taking a decision to engage in a more productive activity rather than stealing. The mob as well should have questioned their morals before choosing their action. By stoning to kill it implies that their morals were all wrong because it is moral wrong to hurt anyone. The law is very clear and precise on what should be done in such a case, but because they never followed the law; their moral values are as well questionable. My action was guided by the value of life and that no one is supposed to take the law into their own hands by causing bodily harm to anybody. My moral obligation was to safe my neighbor because if I watched him stoned to death, my moral conscience and quit would haunt me because I should have acted to save him. In conclusion, all our actions and decisions should be guided by our morals values and that normative ethics must always prevail in any action. We are supposed to fully evaluate our actions and be ready to face the consequences of our actions.

As a consequence of the recent recession, firms will concentrate on Essay

As a consequence of the recent recession, firms will concentrate on reducing their costs. Therefore the emphasis put on Corporate Social Responsibility is doomed to end. Discuss - Essay Example Many imaginative business corporations went a step ahead. They integrated CSR initiatives as part of the total business strategies which produced sterling results, and created enormous goodwill for the products of the company. The range of loyal clientele gradually widened. Business leaders thus got an opportunity to learn how to align business goals with social and cultural goals. But suddenly the business world found itself engulfed in recession. It came like the avalanche and the organizations were not ready to face this serious eventuality. The wise saying goes, â€Å"When the Going gets Tough, the Tough get Going!(Ocean,1985) This is the testing time for the grit and heroism of the Corporate Sector. Toby Radcliffe comments upon the issue thus: â€Å"Global recession, embedded in the financial sector, is creating an environment of cost-cutting and streamlining. For leading international saving and wealth management groups, the current economy has produced a particularly challenging environment in which to operate. It has also produced a challenge for sustainability.† When a child is sick, one tends to take care of it more. Ethically speaking, corporate social responsibility is an important part of the business establishment, during recession. The case for CSR is the truest, even when the economy is passing through a period of crisis. To prioritize business in the face of recession, is a prudent function. That approach is just; no questions about it. To think of pruning the CSR budget while things are comfortable, is harmful from the long-term perspective of the growth of an organisation. Funds earmarked for CSR, in addition to direct donations to Non-Governmental and philanthropic organisations, are linked to HR and training programmes, experimental and innovation budgets, promotional and marketing budgets, research and other non-core activities. The management thinks of the cuts in these areas first. But it is again

Footlocker-mkt304 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Footlocker-mkt304 - Research Paper Example In fact, for many of them it is seen as an opportunity to become popular and more attractive† (McGinty,2009). The major attraction of Footlocker is their shoes which are from renowned companies like Reebok, Addidas, Nike and Jordan. They also sell clothing of these brands which are a big hype among teenagers and also they demand it due to the goodwill these brands have on a global basis. 2) Product’s features The sports apparels sold by footlocker are of Nike, Adidas and Jordan who are pioneers of sports wear and equipments. The features of these sport wear and equipments are that they are unique and distinct from other sports brands. The shoes are light weighted and has sleek look and has an excellent appeal when worn. The top seller of the company is the Nike Zoom Kobe VI for men. According to (Footlocker, 2011),â€Å"The Nike Zoom Kobe VI is the latest evolution of basketball footwear. Moldable upper with new Fly wire construction creates a dynamic, lightweight fit w ith an Achilles notch for greater comfort†. Since the teenagers are excited by the look of the products, the company offers them what they really desire for. Teenager and adults look for the branded products which match the celebrity fashion and these products are used by fashion icons. The shoes and accessories sold by them come in vibrant colors and style which catch attention of any teenager. Clothing, shoes and accessories have versatility, long lasting quality and signature brand mark on them. 3) Product’s benefits The products provided by Footlocker are shoes and clothing and other sport accessories which gives utmost comfort and security to its customer. Sneakers and clothing sold by this retailer is from Nike and Adidas, who are the pioneer in sports apparels. â€Å"Both Nike and Adidas are well known sportswear firms that have become household names of sorts throughout many parts of the world. The undisputed giants of the sportswear and sports equipment indust ries, consumers can generally expect quality products from the two brands† (reComparison 2010). The young generation is the targeted customers of footlockers and theses group demand branded products which have name and fame and have high durability. The young children and teenagers are impulsive buyers and the company targets them as they make decision in a short span of time. The brands sold by the company have a huge advertising campaign and creates a significant impact on young generations mind as to their fame and quality. â€Å"The teenagers spend most of the money on themselves immediately. Teenagers have also found to be more brand loyal that adults†(Michman,2003,pg.144). So footlocker as a retailer, take advantage of this fact and focus them to market their branded sport products. 4) Product’s branding Foot locker offers shoes and clothing of Nike, Adidas and Jordan not only has goodwill but also give comfort, durability and lasting effect which other pro ducts cannot offer. The company’s target customers who are teenagers and adults in early 20’s look for products which are renowned and also match their style quotient. For example Adidas is well known for their style factor apart from durability and good will. In his book (Dunne,2007,pg.57)states that, â€Å"The foot locker has found success by concentrating on a very narrow segment of shoe market but offering a very large selection†. They have good selection of sports shoes, clothing and sports accessories

Personal Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Philosophy of Education - Essay Example Education assists students become responsible members of the society in their adulthood. All learners should develop emotional, cognitive and social skills that are essential for success in life. I believe that a teacher should be a role model and a guide in order to enhance learning. Just like Socrates asserted that unexamined life is not worth living, all students should be allowed to decide the learning styles and goals. I believe that both formal and informal classroom assessments are essential in stimulating the brains of students and improving the knowledge retention capacity. I believe that teachers should examine the learning outcomes of the students after every topic covered in the classroom (Ornstein, Levine & Gutek, 2011). My philosophy of education is based on idealism, experimentalism, progressivism and behavior change. An effective teacher should develop and nurture unique student skills and capabilities. Since knowledge is not static and new methods of solving problems keep on being implemented, teachers should guide students in solving problems through case studies of hypothetical real life scenarios. As a teacher, I will require students to analyze case studies and make recommendations on the effective methods of solving the problem (Ornstein, Levine & Gutek, 2011). ... Emotional skills help the students to have social-control and resolve disputes without engaging in violence. I use different encouraging and motivating words that enable students to express their ideas and participate in discussions during learning. I have taught all my students other essential skills like time management, writing skills and problem analysis skills (Ornstein, Levine & Gutek, 2011). I believe that mental skills, attitudes and psychomotor skills are basic learning capabilities. I am able to guide my students to improve their memory capacity. Students should be able to translate facts and knowledge in problem solving. Students should synthesize knowledge for new meaning. I believe that student attitudes and behaviors should be controlled in order to enhance learning. I believe that a balance of responsibility and personal freedom will assist my students to work independently and also have a good working relationship with peers during group discussions. All students shou ld appreciate individual and unique differences and appreciate cultural diversity in order to minimize chances of stereotyping their peers during learning. In managing the classroom, I believe that learning should occur in a positive environment that is friendly. Learning activities should be supportive and classroom rules that are enforceable are essential in controlling the behavior of learners. The physical environment should not be disruptive or dangerous. The classroom sitting arrangement should allow the teacher the opportunity to move around and monitor the student learning progress. There should be a procedure that students can use while seeking assistance. For instance, the classroom rules will require the student to rise up

Individual skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual skills - Essay Example (Cantor and Blanton, 1996) Currently, I am undertaking a Bachelor degree and I am in my second year undertaking a degree program is geared towards applied business sector and equips students with necessary skills and knowledge that will enable them to work in the business and industry sector. The program is a four year course and I m thus reaming with two more years. School is easy for me; I am naturally a smart kid. Even though, I have many assignments and homework to do I rarely seek assistance from my friends. Luckily, for me I am very independent and capable of doing them myself. I got straight A's throughout my first year in college. In the second year where I am currently have continued to get good grades in all my subjects. Severally reasons have continued to contribute to my current success in education; some of them are underlined below; I understand how important education is. I was raised to be respectful to adults and follow direction of teachers. I have very good conduct in school, very good grades and I always try to please my teachers. I have formed a strong belief in following rules and laws of the school. I balance my work with playing various games such as basket ball and hockey I attribute my current status in life to how I develop as a child as far as being independent and carrying forward a strong sense of self esteem. I also remember that in order for an individual to be successful in any field one has to be disciplined and respective. Thus I have continued to be disciplined in school by avoiding behaviours and company which may mislead me. Discipline has helped me in achieving my school targets and also ensuring that I remain focused on education. Good communication and interpersonal skills Communication in any field remains the most important aspect in achieving a good relationship with various groups. In a college situation good and effective communication leads to a student being able to understand and be understood by both his/her teachers and also his/her fellow students. I have been able to cultivate good communication skills and interpersonal skills to be able to get the maximum from my teachers and my fellow students. This has also enabled me to create health relations with my lecturers and also fellow students. Thus being able to understand and be assisted by the lecturers in any area that I need assistance. This has highly contributed to my good performance both in class and outside class. I intend to improve my communication skills in order to enhance my understanding of subjects and people. This will of course improve my overall education performance. Time management Proper management of any resources will greatly ensure the success of the manager. For me, time is the biggest resource I have in school. I realize that if I managed well the time I have then I will definitely succeed in my education to this end I ensure that I do my assignments in the specified time and that I also attend my lectures without being late. This time management skills are also utilized when I am doing an exam, I ensure that I answer all my questions in the specified time. Certainly this is one sure way of any student to succeed. Short term educational objective My

Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Environmental Ethics - Essay Example ( McCann, 2003). Today, many feminist supports that our environment is apparently a feminist issue. This philosophy has been really popular and many relate the ethics of the environment to feminism and have their contradictions over the patriarchal issue and the biases as well as the dominance that comes in hand with the situation. One needs to understand in depth the basis of this philosophy. "A feminist uses gender analysis as the starting point; gender is the lens through which the initial description and analysis occur." (Warren, 2000) Similarly like feminism many forms of ecofeminism prevail. Ecofeminism is basically a name given to various feminist practices and philosophical ideas. These various approaches not only represent feminism but also how different forces of nature play and how they can overcome environmental concerns. Some examples of different perspective are: liberal, Marxist, black etc. Therefore various environmental philosophical positions that accepts feminine issues and support feminism are generally referred to as ecofeminist positions. "Views which uncritically embrace unified or one stance views of feminine sides of gender dichotomies are not feminist; they are better understood as ecofeminine than ecofeminist. They are, in fact, dangerous views from a genuinely feminist perspective." (Darion, 1999) The question here arises that what does one perceive about ecofeminism? What makes this philosophy so concrete that it stands as a complete concept which deals with its theoretical support or the political movement? Although there are significant differences between ecofeminism and feminism from which it has actually rooted, but all ecofeminist agree about certain things which are prominent in feminism. For instance, there is always a significant link between the dominant forces of nature and women, which is essential to understand three things that is feminism, philosophy of the environment and environmentalism. The

Technology Forecast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Technology Forecast - Research Paper Example It is for this reason that smart phone devices are ever power stingy. A Neuromorphic chip refers to minute microprocessors which are configured to replicate the work of the human brain. The neuromorphic chips replicate the functioning of the biological neurons that are found in the human brain. The chips provide an insight on how the brain of a rational human being processes information. If the technology is actualized, it would lead to the development of electronic systems that are extremely fast, utilize minimal power and can easily make sense of sensory input and undertake to deliver in real time the tasks that are user defined (Rothenbuhler, 2013). More significantly, devices that are based on the neuromorphic chip will have the ability to interact with the world in exactly the same manner a human being would. Robotic medical devices will be in a position to track a patient’s response to medication over a certain time period and learn to review the dosage limit and catch other problems just like a doctor would. Just by wearing a smartphone gear, it may work with the brain to establish who one is thinking about and in that instance place a call to that particular person. Alarms in the schedule might go off in the expected time even though such alarms were not preset. . Toby Delbruck and Shih-Chii Liu (2012) observe that conventional technology has always been far outpaced by biological efficiency and it is for this reason that neuromorphic engineering designers have set out to develop electronic systems which have a similar computational style with the human biological system. The authors observe that neuromoprhic engineers are already making notable milestones characterized by the ever increasing number of sensory applications and sensors that have the capacity to communicate through signals that resemble the neural spikes in a human brain. Other pointer towards the expected breakthrough and large scale deployment of the neuromorphic chips

Opion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Opion - Case Study Example This case deals with how the company deals effectively with providing a service that is accurate and more than what the competition is offering. It is not very easy to give a verdict about a particular stock following its speculation in the market and people's perception but this is exactly what Opion set out to do in 2001 despite competition from the likes of a Vancouver based MindfulEye (www.mindfuleye.com) which provided a Moodscore for several stocks and Stockscores (www.stockscores.com) which provided clients with actual stock analysis based on technical grounds. Stockscores was actually superfluous because it did not provide analysis based on verbal speculation but Mindfuleye was more of a competition although none of these were considered actual competitors of Opion. Opion was a different ball game altogether. Its major product was Opion Financial Pro 1.0 which calculated hourly buzz scores on three major indices namely the Standard and Poor's 500, the NASDAQ 100 and the Dow Jones 30 Industrial Average. The basic work of Financial Pro 1.0 was to gauge fluctuations in stock values and help portfolio managers become better decision makers by analyzing how investors perceive a particular stock. Later, traditional methods were used to analyze the stock on more technical grounds. One of the major disadvantages of using such a method is inaccuracy. ... Hence Opion took three measures that advised a conjecture about a stock to be negative or positive. Relevance was of the utmost importance as trying to determine whether a particular posting is pertinent to the topic being discussed is of very high significance. Credibility came next as anyone can register on a forum and start discussions about something they may or may not know much about. So determining people who were actually familiar with the stock market lingo and characteristics was a challenge but a necessary one at that. Lastly, came influence. Any messaging or posts in a discussion forum are subject to influence from other people or even generally what is written in the forums. Influence gives wind to rumors and rumors blight credibility dramatically. These were some challenges that Opion had to face, which other companies may not have taken into consideration. Buzz scores, however may not be too accurate when looked at from a certain point of view. The case explains that there was high variance from day to day and stock to stock. While day-to-day variance may be taken into account and dealt with considering fluctuation volumes, stock-to-stock variance gave heed to inaccuracies. New economy stocks like Microsoft and Cisco obviously generate more talk and interest than old economy stocks due to the perception that these are essentially more profitable. Actually, this may not necessarily be the case. The major reason a new economy stock will be seen more optimistically is the fact that more people are talking about it and there is more speculation as to the trading of this stock. Old economy stocks may not be favorites here despite their market moving and index weight abilities. Hence, Opion was prone to get

Politics & Parliament in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics & Parliament in Britain - Essay Example The concept of parliamentary supremacy, defines parliament as the legislative body with absolute sovereignty. This serves to indicate that it is the British parliament that is superior over the other arms of government, considering that the United Kingdom parliament is able to control both the executive and the judiciary, through enacting and passing laws that would then require the other arms of the government to adhere to . Simply put, parliament is the only sovereign body in the United Kingdom, which is not bound by any law. This is because; the legislative body can change or repeal the existing laws, so that it is no longer bound by the laws. This way, it becomes a sovereign body that makes laws, but which is not bound by any written law . How has the meaning of these words, which help define responsible government, changed in Britain during the past 25 years?The statement â€Å"Parliament is the Supreme law of the land† has changed slightly during the last 25 years, most especially due to three significant developments, namely devolution, constitutional reforms and ratification of the European Union membership. In this respect, the United Kingdom has tried to establish other body entities that have powers that control the Parliament in certain way. DevolutionDevolution in Britain was established in 1997, with the establishment of three other legislative bodies, where the Scottish parliament was established, in addition to the establishment of local assemblies in Ireland and Wales .

Education and Happiness Essay Example for Free

Education and Happiness Essay Mosley refers to the status quo in a negative way and I do agree with his points of view. Americans just don’t seem to have some happiness in their lives anymore, and we should wonder why that is the case. The educational system doesn’t seem to be any better when it comes to helping us out with our own happiness there are just too many restrictions going on. The students can’t be themselves. Employment has become a need rather then people wanting to wake up every morning and looking forward to going to work. There is just so much going on, like economic problems, job cuts and people can’t find happiness anywhere. A person’s wellbeing should always be first especially when it comes to there happiness. It seems that the American government has put aside what their first responsibility to Americans is, which is making sure that the people are happy. In â€Å"Get Happy† Mosley says, â€Å"But our potential for happiness has lagged far behind,† and what I’m getting from this is that our citizen‘s wellbeing isn‘t put first, rather it is being put to the side and not being an important element of people‘s lives. The government isn’t doing their job in making sure we’re happy. They seem to be doing the bare minimum and just worrying about what is necessary to â€Å"help† the people in every way they can, but they don’t show any interest in their happiness. Education is now a big issue as well, for the fact that now schools are being referred to as being â€Å"prisonlike.† What I’m getting from all this is that there are just too many restrictions on students, and there is no sense of freedom at schools. Schools are being built in a prison like manner and just like in prison there is always someone of higher authority watching over everyone which might make people feel like they can’t be themselves and express how they might feel about certain things. Americans just aren’t happy with anything that’s going on around them because they’re being treated as is they were insignificant. We have the right to be happy, but its like no one is pursuing that goal anymore. They are settling for what they have. In other words, they’re just learning to live their lives the way they are. Jobs now have become so meaningless, and the only reason people stick around at their jobs is because they have to in order to be able to provide for their families. We are now just being controlled as if we were puppets. The government’s priorities have changed so much and happiness for Americans isn’t important to them anymore. In the reading it says, â€Å"Citizens are not treated like members of society but more like employees who can be cut loose for any reason large or small,† this just goes to show that people don’t seem to be important, especially them being happy. Citizens just feel the need to work because that’s one of the only way they can make it in life, and be able to provide for their family, even if it means waking up every morning and not looking forward to going to work. Citizens are unhappy because they have to take labor intensive jobs that enslave them. People even think that the more money they have that they have the happier they will be, but the reality is that money does not buy happiness. It might buy you what you want like a huge television, but doesn’t mean you’ll be happier. If a person has a good empowering education they might be more confident and want to accomplish many goals. This will bring them more happiness because they know they were able to take control of their own lives and get to where they want to be. For example, when someone has a job they hate and don’t look forward to going to work its because they might not of had the same opportunities as someone else. No one should have to settle for what they have, if a person keeps trying they can reach their happiness. If the school system is bad then of course the students won’t feel encouraged but rather feel forced to be there since most of the times there is no other choice. Of course having a dull job and bad school system will lead to a person’s unhappiness. When a person sets their own goals and doesn’t give up no matter the obstacles, and later make their goals come true a person will be a lot happier. Just knowing they accomplished what they set their mind will show them that they don’t have to settle for a meaningless job and especially being an unhappy person. A person’s happiness should always come first like it was set out to be by the government.

Who Was Right about Popular Culture Essay Example for Free

Who Was Right about Popular Culture Essay Popular culture or Pop Culture is the in thing today. Many people are up to it especially the youths. It emerged from different fields, from the latest fashion, latest gadgets, and latest celebrities – may it be actors or actresses or singers, latest movies, latest computer games, latest music, latest arts, to the latest party place or get away. Popular culture is something that almost every country has because in one way or another, every country influences one another. In this time, the central source of the popular culture is the United States of America and the European Countries. In the U. S., there is Hollywood which is the haven of different people who loves the latest trends in music, films, and celebrities. There is Tokyo in Japan, New York in the United States, Madrid and Italy in Europe which are the sources of the popular culture. Popular culture can be defined in many aspects, but there is one thing in common. Popular culture is characterized as impersonal. It is something that has a static dimension because popular culture changes over time. Its components are changing every time and it depends on what the season is. There are many known sociologists who write about the popular culture. There are many approaches in studying the popular culture. It has different interpretations. One of the most noted writers or thinkers of popular culture is C. L. R James and Theodor Adorno. Each of them has defined popular culture based on their sociological background and based on the thoughts they are in. As for C. L. R. James he has the Marxist influence, while Theodor Adorno was mainly influenced by Frankfurt School. The two sociologists tackle popular culture with different approach. With their given approach, it can be easily seen who is most right when it comes popular culture. In this paper I will discuss the premises they have given to come up with the right conclusion of who has the right in discussing and/or who is the better writer of the popular culture. Cyril Lionel Robert James, 1901-1989 C. L. R. James was born in Trinidad and Tobago. He went to Queen’s Royal College. He is considered as a social theorist and journalist. He is a member of Beacon Group which is related to The Beacon Magazine. The works of James are focused on the societal changes, the class status, and the types of society. He has been an activist of the equality of all men. He is the analyst of the changes in the society which has big effects on the world. But his works are all dedicated to his fellow Negros. His works are devoted for them. He has tried to uplift the status of Negroes around the world. Popular Culture for him is a hybrid of classic humanist reflexes and the receptivity in a postmodernist way to novelty, celebrity, and genre. He gave emphasis on the interplay among the creators, formats, audiences, and the capacity of people. This is based upon the production and consumption of different variations of art and entertainment. He is deeply committed to the discussion of humanist learning and popular protest. He also tapped politics and particularly the socialism. He said that culture has a commoditized form; this can be accounted to his deep attachment in literature and cricket. He said that mass audience has a big part in the emergence of classical drama and contemporary sport. The consumption of popular culture can be represented by the connection to literature and cricket. Thus, popular culture was brought about by the interaction of the individual artist and mass audience.

The Architecture Of The Mosque

The Architecture Of The Mosque Philosophically, the whole Earth is a mosque and by this principle namaz will be complete wherever performed. Initially there was no specific building to spread the message of Islam. The Muslim Arabs, being nomads, had a minimum approach and preclude the use of permanent buildings and everything they possessed had to be demountable and portable. Thus there was no specific edifice as such. Only a square area marked out by a line drawn in the sand was sufficient for communal prayer. The only basic necessity was that one side of the square had to face Mecca to indicate the direction of the prayer. Knowing the importance of the mosque to the religion of Islam today it is quite surprising to hear the ironic story behind its evolution. From the start, monotheistic religions like Islam were opposed to the idea of building specially designed to house the faithful for prayer. The mosques (literally meaning place of prostration), are the Centre of religious life throughout the Muslim World and develops as one of the major forms of religious architecture. In one of its most evolved forms, it has one or more minarets, arches, domes and is often decorated with elaborate tracery and Arabic calligraphy from the Koran. The evolved mosque forms are known to be some of the finest structures in Islamic architecture. The mosque is the only building type, which has spread throughout the entire Muslim world, from the beginning of the religion in 610 A.D. A mosque is a building, where Muslims congregate to pray. Mosques can be small, at a neighborhood scale or large, at the town/ city level. Such as a neighborhood mosque or they can be large and used by Muslims of a large town, or city. The large mosque is called a Jami Mosque. Jami means Juma or Friday. All Muslims are required to pray together every Friday at midday and the large mosques were constructed for this purpose. Mosque is used for worship usually for which there is a hall and open court, but could also have other functions like that of a Madarsa, a school for education and a community center. It consists of many architectural elements like, minaret, arch, dome, color, calligraphy and other decorative forms ornamenting the surfaces. Like all other liturgical edifice, the mosque has a standardized assembly of components, which vary in accordance with the size of the prayer (i.e. whether its for prayer for an individual or congregation-small/ large). There is a demarcated space, partly roofed and partly open to sky, varying in size and form, from region to region depending on the harshness of the climate. The roofed part is the prayer hall, rectangular or square in plan, supported by a trabeated structure or arcuated structure. The Prayer hall must have one wall facing Mecca (Qibla wall) with a niche or series of niches (Mihrab), which is the central and most decorated part of every mosque. The pulpit (Minbar) consisting of steps of varying height is stationed to the right of the mihrab and the imam during Friday prayer delivers the oration (Khutba) from it. The minbar is however absent in smaller mosques. A wooden platform (dikha) of single storey height is positioned in line with the Mihrab. From there the respondents (qadi) of the mosque repeat the ritual postures of the imam and give their response. Next to the Dikha, the lectern (kursi) is placed on which the Quran rests. Another most necessary feature of many mosques is the water pool or fountain intended for the prescribed ritual of ablutions (wazu) before the prayer. The five times daily call for prayer (azan) is heard from the minaret, a tower like structure, originally serving as more of a local landmark. A portal is created as a general characteristic of the architecture of the Islamic world as the concealment of the interiors of a building from outside view. Thus, most mosques are surrounded by high walls. With reference to architectural elaboration, the art of writing is taken to higher level of visual expression in mosque architecture. Certain calligraphic scripts are used in the Qibla wall and direct focus, helping substantiate the religious importance of the mosque. The writing often quotes from the Quran or is information about the builder of the mosque. Another mode is geometric patterns and vegetal forms used in screens (jali) and as surface ornamentation. Geometric patterns result from taking a simple form and replicating/ extending it in various directions to arrive at the final. The patterns in their dizzying and unending configurations connote unity in God. In the present time, modern mosques designs have been modified as per newer technologies and ease of building construction. The size of mosque has been decreasing due to lack of space in cities. The main components of the mosque have been reduced and elements have lost their original meaning and serve as symbols. The geometric patterns rich with meaning are devalued to mere decoration. The architecture of mosque has been changing to modern, to contemporary but to what end? 1.2 Research Question: How did local/ regional/ vernacular architecture affect mosque architecture in the past and how/ why does the contemporary mosque differ from the traditional mosque? 1.3 NEED IDENTIFICATION In modern society the mosque served as the single most important visible representation of identity and value. More mosques are being built today than any other liturgical edifice of any other religion. However for a structure representing one religion and a specific body of people, it is odd that it should be so varied in style and divergent in beauty. The reason for this lies in the mosque located in different parts of the world representing different perspectives of different clients. Each mosque is differing in traditions, climate, building materials, local condition of nature and diverse aesthetic and social requirements. As a student of architecture and representing a Muslim region from India, I share a keen interest in Islamic Architecture. And since the mosque lies at the very heart of Islamic architecture, there is a feeling of even a greater need to study this specific structure. Due to time and space constraints, there are certain limitations; hence, I will focus on contemporary Mosques Delhi regions as primary case studies. The architecture of the modern mosque is much at variant when compared with the mosque of the past due to globalization, advanced technology, tendency to go towards the sky due to lack of ground space, the use of architectural elements as symbols and reduction of patterns as surface decorations. 1.4 OBJECTIVES To trace the development and follow along the different established types of mosques, starting from Early Islamic period in the 7th century times. To identify the basic principles behind the specific vocabulary of the mosque. To study symbolic and functional attributes of the mosque and its evolution. To study various differences in space configuration, built expression, material, elements /components and technology between modern and traditional mosque. 1.5 SCOPE This dissertation is not intended as a historical survey of Islamic mosque architecture and therefore does not include all the fine monuments, which exist. The origin and development of the mosque would be understood only to get the bearings right to analyze contemporary examples. The general history of the advent of Islam in Arab, India and the mosque forms that evolve henceforth would be discussed briefly to build a context. From vernacular mosque form, the shift is to, what is built now- what is the vernacular of today? And hence what happens to the mosque and is the use of symbols necessary to be able to identify the building as a mosque? 1.6 LIMITATIONS It is not possible to study all the mosque architecture of all Islamic regions under the given time frame. Therefore, the study is limited to mosques in India focusing on the Northern region with a brief study of the contemporary mosque outside India. As result of time and space constraints, mosques of the entire Indian sub-continent will not be discussed in detail but only to form the overall context, with brief analysis of mosques of the South, East, West, and North. Detail account of the history of the one region is beyond the scope of this dissertation, thus only relevant pieces of their history will be mentioned. The focus will be on selected mosques, which reflect the most prototypical form of particular periods of the respective region. Thus, only a few mosques will be discussed which act as indicators of that particular architectural form. 1.7 METHODOLOGY The first step is to analyze the topic and define what direction this dissertation takes, and what the author wants to come up with at the end of it, the end result may be documentation, a detailed analysis, or a set of solutions. The regions selected for the study are not easily accessible and this dissertation will rely mainly on literature survey from secondary sources rather that from primary data for major sections of the work. Primary data would be collected through site visits limited to mosques in Delhi and discussion with experts. Secondary sources include literature survey. Literature Survey: This involves data collection, reading and understanding literature from various sources like SPA (New Delhi) libraries, Jamia Milla Islamia Architecture library and the internet. Analysis of nature of open spaces, the role of open spaces in the mosque and role of closed spaces is understood. After the collation process, the next stage would be, systematic representation of data. Interaction With Experts This involves opinion of various architects, discussion about what is happening in India and exposure to other related issues, along with discussion on primary case studies. Identifying issues, discussion on various issues and analyzing their opinion would be the major tasks. Primary Data collection Methodology for the study of Delhi mosque architecture: A brief account of the mosque architecture in Delhi is essential to contextualize the primary studies, as these were the immediate references for what is happening now. The first mosque developed in 11th century in Delhi by the Slave dynasty. Each changing phase will be studied by taking the significant mosque of that period. Though a personal visit would be made to these sites, information will be obtained through literature survey also. The mosques of contemporary times would be the primary study, with a complete analysis of the determinants of form. The process for case studies: Selection of case studies of new mosque buildings. Collection of information- basic plan and maps showing site surrounding areas, site boundaries, built mass and visual readings of mosque as landmark, materiality and building elements. Analysis of the chosen case studies. IV. Survey methodology for case studies Few case studies of contemporary mosques of Delhi are considered- one is under construction and the other mosques have been in use for considerable amount of time. This dissertation includes survey through discussion with the people who are users of the mosque. The drawing and other important data would be collected from the architects office. All photographs are taken at the site. After doing all case studies conclusion are drawn and recommendations are made for design strategies of the future mosque architecture. With the help of three examples of mosques, which are built in different time periods, I want to illustrate that architecture of mosques is in a process of complete transformation because global culture and technology is constantly affecting it, along with highlighting what helps maintain its identity. V. Analysis of case studies The case study is analyzed as per following: Built /open spatial spatial configuration (arising from basic needs of religion itself) Purpose and use of space. Visual expression of mosque- includes massing, elements, surface elaboration and materiality. Chapter 2 EARLY ISLAM 2.1. HISTORY OF ISLAM AS A RELIGION Islam began in Arabia, where the revelation was first received by the Prophet, but spread rapidly among the Persians and Black Africans, and soon thereafter among Turks, Chinese, Indians, and many other ethnic groups. Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca in 570 CE. At the time, people were busy with their business, markets were crowded with nomads and residents alike, buying and selling goods. His parents died when he was 6 years old. He cared for by his grandfather, and uncle, Abu Talib and eventually became head of the Hashim clan. Young Muhammad was a camel driver and roamed the peninsula with his uncle, to know about various cultures and religions including Christianity and Judaism. As idol worship had come to dominate Mecca, this contact turned out to be significant for later times. The Kabah itself housed many idols, including those representing the three main goddesses. He continued travelling in Arabia, encountering different faiths and customs, but riches did not satisfy Muhammad and he developed enemies in Mecca. Therefore, he decided to leave Mecca. And he started a journey. This journey was known as the Hijri. Muhammad arrived in Medina as the new leader, bearing tremendous responsibilities. While receiving communication from God and teaching his devotees, he had to protect Islam from opposition and find a peaceful solution to the local feuds. He was able to unite the feuding clans through his teachings the Jewish and Muslims prayed together. First time the prayer was read in the direction of Jerusalem, and after some years the prayer was read towards Mecca instead of Medina, as Muhammad instructed. For this reason some followers turned against Muhammad, and they created a separate group. Violence erupted, ending in the expulsion of some Jewish tribes from Medina. He established a new community with his followers and began raiding caravans bound for Mecca. These kinds of raids were not uncommon at the time, and they provided sustenance for the Muslims. This angered the Meccans, and a series of battles followed. Despite a few setbacks, the Muslims gained power and recognition. After destroying or converting his tribal enemies, Muhammad controlled the entire Arabian Peninsula. Finally, in 629 CE, Mecca submitted to the Muslims. Muhammad entered the city and headed directly to the Kabah. After circling it seven times, he smashed the stone idols. He spoke of the oneness of God, or Allah, and proclaimed himself a prophet. The spread of Islam occurred in waves. In less than a century after the establishment of the first Islamic society in Medina by the Prophet, Arab armies conquered a land stretching from the Indus River to France and brought with them Islam, which, contrary to popular Western conceptions, was not, however, forced on the people by the sword. Periods of Islamic history Mosques were built outside the Arabian Peninsula as Muslims settled in other parts of the world. Egypt became occupied by Muslim Arabs as early as 640 AD. Islamic architectural history can be roughly divided in to three main periods, during which one or more traditions were dominant: the Early Islamic (650-1050), which may be called the age of Arab Dominance; the middle Islamic (1050-1450), the age of Iranian Dominance; and the later Islamic (1450-1850), the age of Turkish and Indian Dominance. 2.2 Origin and evolution of mosque Origin It is a strange face of history that the Muslim tradition of architecture, productive of some of the worlds outstanding monuments, was first patronized by a people, the Arabs, who had none but the crudest notions of building. For them the finest architecture was a tent. In the starting of Islam, the Kaaba had only four walls in 608. In the age of the orthodox Caliphs (632-661), the eras brought nothing architectural to the conquered countries beyond what would serve their orthodoxy than by their taste. The building of their time ware utilitarian, without architectural pretense, and consisted of mosques (Basra, 638-639; kufa, 638-639; and fustat, 642) and government buildings. The first mosque was built in Mecca. This area was surrounded by pre Islamic buildings. The Kaaba mosque is the holiest structure of Islam. The earliest mosque is Prophet Mohammad house in Medina which was built in 622CE. This qibla wall was facing toward the direction of Jerusalem. Mohammad house is situated left side of the qibla wall. There were three entrances into the courtyard. The courtyard area was roofed, and the prayer was performed here. After one or one and half years, the qibla wall direction was changed, and was made to face in the direction of Mecca, as it is today. The Medina mosque had social, political and judicial functions, in addition to being the house of the Mohammad family. The religious functions were merged with other functions. Rules of the performing prayer were not decided that time. And in the Koran, the rules had not been given till now. In addition to early mosques of Medina and Mecca, now the cities have contemporary mosques, which are more complex as per the demands and needs of the people and their religion. After the death of Muhammad, mosques became important symbols of Islam. The Muslim conquerors established mosques everywhere. They built the mosque first and later built the military camp around the mosque. The Muslim conquered Medina or Mecca city and constructed mosque in the place. This became the center of the region of Muslim conquered people. Muhammads house was divided into hall and courtyard, which was surrounded by the columned verandah. This was an ideal mosque where the faithful conjunct for prayer, but also one for social assembly and political deliberation. A building without architectural pretensions, it was a hypo style hall and was deep, apparently having three aisles, divided by three rows of nine columns each. The most significant aspect this house offers to Islamic architecture of later was that it provided the orientation (Qibla) of praying area towards the sacred city of Mecca. Evolution The Masjid as a type of architecture intended for congregational prayer did not exist at Mecca before the hijra. In Medina, the stronghold of Islam, however, the two concepts of Musalla and Masjid came to receive distinct interpretations. The controversy among the traditionalists over the performance of prayer in either the Musalla or the Masjid was surrounded around the fact that they were structurally different. Kaaba mosque was the first newly built mosque of Islam and Abraham assisted by his son Ismail, when he found the order of Allah, built the existing foundation. They performed prayers together with their followers at this site. The site of Kaaba was also believed to be place of angles of Adam, erected by Allah and used for worship. The orthodox Caliph leaders were succeeded by the caliph dynasty of the Umayyads (661-750), who were held by many Muslims to be upstarts. After this the philistine people started the taunt type structure. The kaaba was rebuilt in 684 AD and was decorated with mosaic marble, which was collected from Yemen churches. Iranian architectural elements were also used in the building. The location of the mosque was decided by Prophet Muhammad when he did the first time Friday prayer there. He lived beside the masjid in Medina, which was use as doubled purpose as both a religious and political center for the early Muslim community. The Umayyad Mosque is an example of the form of mosque derived from the Prophets house, and was built in (705-715) in Damascus. In the 10th century, different types of mosque started to develop because of influences of local traditional material and techniques of building. Distinctively different types of mosque developed in the different countries. Mosques are usually ornamented with stone, marble, wood carving, patterned brick, mosaic, glass, murals. Contemporary mosques are built using new technologies of construction, and are adopted in most parts of the world, but it is remains traditional in layout. When Islam spreads out of the deserts of Saudi Arabia and into the cities like Damascus and Cairo, the rapidly expanding Muslims population required house for worship to meet their spiritual and social requirements. The mosques that followed are innovative and magnificent examples of architecture, original in their own way with reminensces of their culture. 2.3 Concept of mosque The Space: The mosque comprises of a demarcated space, partly roofed and partly open to sky. This proportion of covered and open space varies from region to region depending on the harshness of the climate. The open space is a court used for performing prayers for large gatherings on occasions. Local community mosque Chapter 3 Local culture and Variation in the Mosque 3.1 Vernacular variation across the World The Islamic world extents its boundary from Spain and West Africa eastwards to as far as China, in south- East Asia. It is therefore not surprising to hear that Muslims comprise around one fifth of the world population and constitute a majority of more than forty nations of the Middle East Asia and Africa. Islam holds a strong position in the world. The religion must not only be powerful by faith and logic but also have charm and beauty to attract such an immense audience to brace the religion and look upon it with awe. There is no other more suitable edifice to depict this elegance and act as symbol of the religion as well as the mosque. In the early day, Islam borrowed features from existing religious and cultural buildings. They gave them harmony with the existing and yet originality and proved beyond doubt that Islamic leaders not only possess the power of assimilation, but that of organization and adaptability as well. These borrowed styles were recognizable at first but the new styles that evolved started forming their own architectural identity and style. In the various new lands, the mosques were built by exploring local traditions and materials available. Each region had with its own craftsmen, their own building methods. Combined with extreme differences in climate, this gave rise to highly disparate styles and each region introduced to the world a diverse style of architecture of their own. Thus it is seen that despite an essential feeling of cultural unity which pervades the entire Islamic world, there exists an investable diversity in the styles of architecture of each region. Generally, the Islamic world had divide in to the eastern and the western regions where one gets influenced by the other. The eastern part of the Muslim world looks to the Persian Language and culture for inspiration. Iran was one of regions which is covered vast area including Central Asia and Afghanistan and spread into the Indian. Initially Iran had accepted Western architectural forms and stemming from Arab style. However with the emergence of local dynasties awareness was created. These divergent styles may be categorized in to five basic types of mosque. These are 1.the hypostyle hall with a flat roof and possibly one or more small domes (as seen in Arabian and African Examples) 2. Building with a very large central space often covered by massive domes provided with lateral support by the weight of hall domes (such as those in the Ottoman style) or having pyramidal pitched roof (as in Indonesia) 3. The layout with an Iwan (vaulted hall) placed each side of a bi-axially divided central rectangular courtyard (as developed in Iran and Central Asia) 4. The triple domed mosque with courtyard (typical of Mughal architecture in India). 5. And finally the walled Complex with a number of pavilions set in the enclosed landscaped spaces (as found in China). Case study of vernacular mosque 1. Great mosque of Djenne in Mali, Africa. Economical Approach (Regional Resources) -1907 The Djenne mosque of Africa is the largest mud brick mosque of the world. This is the famous mosque of Africa and boasts of impressive mud structures. Mud construction is a friendly environment material. Mud is appropriate according to the climate and is less expensive to build with, as it is locally available. Easy construction to create mud mortar and plaster. Palm wood use for the scaffolding and roofs. The walls are thick in size and tapered and provide protection from heat. During the day, the wall absorbed the heat of the sun that is released throughout the night time; this helps to maintaining cool environment during the day time. It also has roofs vents with ceramic cover, which is removed at night to ventilate the interior parts and spaces. 2. Traditional Kampung Hulu Mosque, Malaysia (1728AD) The traditional mosque design of south- East Asia has inspired the simple pyramidal layered roof, which becomes an important element of design. It relies on the roof over hangs with open serambi and the recessed walls to respond to local climate high rain fall Æ’Â   excellent rain water discharge. Wall openings are crucial in the mosque design. The wall openings are at the ground floor and segmented roofs wall level of four-and-a-half storey building. These openings induce natural cross ventilation and stack effect. The emphasis is on cross air ventilation. Recessed wall help tackle the problem of direct exposure from tropical sunlight, luminosity, solar radiation and this concept only works well to block high angle sunlight but not low angle sunlight. VERNACULAR TYPOLOGY IN INDIA Islam arrived in India via the Malabar Coast in 600 AD. It was just about the same time that it was spreading into Arabia. This is not surprising, considering the proximity of the two coastline trade links from pre-Islamic times. Arab merchants traded Indian spice with other parts of the known world. A number of them set up households in the Malabar as well, and it is through them that Islam was introduced into the Indian subcontinent. According to the legend, Malik-ibn Dinar- Mohammads message reached king Crangannur in AD 642-643 on Hijri 22, and the Chera king, Cheraman Perumal to accept Islam. Malik-Ibn-Dinar built the first mosque there. This was followed by eleven more along the coast. These mosques are some of the oldest to be established, not only India but within the Islamic world. South India Kerala Mosques Introduction- Kerala is in the middle of a mosque-building boom. Proposals for new mosques and the redevelopment of older structures have consequences on the urban landscape of this west coast state. Pan- Indian and pan- global influences sweeping across Kerala fuelled by migration to the rest of India and abroad may be the reason for this activity. Traditional mosque of Kerala (vernacular mosque) The traditional mosques in Kerala are different from those in the imperial and provincial Indo- Islamic architecture. In Kerala built form of the mosque derived enough from local domestic building traditions. In traditional dwellings like Nalaketts, the concerns of torrential rain and the need for the ventilation found expression in remarkable roof and wall elements, executed in abundantly available timber. In Kerala, the temple, churches and the Mosque (palli) take from the local architecture evolved from local climate, materials. The mosque was constructed under the guidance of religious leaders whose requirements were functional and simple, using the model of existing places of worship. A traditional mosque in the Malabar comprises of a rectangular prayer hall with a mihrab on the western wall (qibla) and enclosed verandah on the sides that serve as spill over space. A front verandah facing the street becomes a space that often leads to a front hall preceding the main prayer hall. An ablution tank is accommodated on one side. The entire structure is raised on a high plinth/ base, similar to the adhisthana of a temple. The tiled roof has elaborate covered gables. The structural system for the hall is of timber posts, beams, and brackets and often the columns are square or octagonal as in the temple mandapa pillar. Nakhudas or ship builders sculpted the mimbars in many Mosques, representing the very best skills in wood-carving. Mishkaal mosque Kuttichira Most of the Malabar mosques built in the 6th centuries are in Kozhikoda(Kalikat), Mallapuram, Thalassery and cochin. This time the basic building construction material was bamboo. A brief case study of two mosques in Kuttichira, a Mappila neighborhood in Kozhikode is presented here. In Kuttichira, centered on the sacred Kuttichira tankand all mosque of Kuttichira was construced with local timber material. Miskaal palli mosque is having a largest rectangular hall and tiled roofs at fourth levels- housing subsidiary space. The existing building is dated as 1578. It sits in close association with the tank. Not very far is the Jamaat Palli, the Friday mosque, on the other side of the tank. This is smaller in size and at am awkward angle to the narrow street, proclaiming an exact orientation to Mecca. Its front porch is marked by the heavily carved gable; matched by an exquisite timber ceiling, with floral, geometric and calligraphic motifs. It has two light wells, one over the ablution tank and another in side in the prayer hall. The forms of light wells remind us of the four sides. The oldest inscription in the mosque dates from 1480-81 covered on a wooden lintel on the ante chamber. CHERAMAN JUMA MASJID, KODUNGALLAUR. This is the first and oldest mosque of India. The first renovation of the mosque was completed in the 11th century. And later in 1974, the masjid president P.A. Mohammed Sayed added the extension, after demolishing the front portion of the old mosque during renovation. The oldest part of the mosque, including the sanction sanctorum, was left untouched. It was renovated again in 1996 and 2003, by adding extension to accommodate more capacity of 3000 people. While the oldest part will be restored, the desire for a grand size still remains. Surrounded by shops and homes. And a community institution is situated within the building. The original structure did not look like the mosques of the west and rather resembles vernacular buildings. This was double stored with sloping tiled thatched roof. This mosque also does not not look like the mosques of north India, with no calligraphy used on the wall and no minarets found with the mosque. The entrance gate is very simple and inviting. The main room is part of the original structure. This is a very small area for the mosque. Only 15 people can stand in a single row for prayer. The main room was built with old timber, with a big brass lamp hanging from the roof, which may have been a Hindu temple lamp. West JAMA MASJID OF AHMEDABAD Location This is the vernacular mosque of Ahmedabad.it is made of yellow sand stone.This is the oldest mosque of Ahmedabad, built during in 1424 the reign of Ahmad Shah. This mosque is laying in the Mahatma Gandhi Road of teen Darwaza,

Shirley Jacksons The Lottery :: The Lottery by Shirley Jackson

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why would a civilized and peaceful town would ever suggest the horrifying acts of violence can take place anywhere at anytime and the most ordinary people can commit them. Jackson's fiction is noted for exploring incongruities in everyday life, and â€Å"The Lottery†, perhaps her most exemplary work in this respect, examines humanity's capacity for evil within a contemporary, familiar, American setting. Noting that the story’s characters, physical environment, and even its climactic action lacks significant individuating detail, most critics view â€Å"The Lottery.† As a modern-day parable or fable, which obliquely addresses a variety of themes, including the dark side of human nature, the danger of ritualized behavior, and the potential for cruelty when the individual submits to the mass will. Shirley Jackson also addresses cruelty by the citizen’s refusal to stand up and oppose â€Å"The Lottery.† Violence and cruelty is a majo r theme in â€Å"The Lottery.† The theme in â€Å"The Lottery† is violence and cruelty. Violence and cruelty is a major theme because there is a lot of violence and cruelty in the world. The Lottery has been read as addressing such issues as the public's fascination with salacious and scandalizing journalism, McCarthyism, and the complicity of the general public in the victimization of minority groups, epitomized by the Holocaust of World War II. The Holocaust was very cruel and violent cause other people didn’t like certain people so they just kill them and their children and still now we have violence and cruelty with wars and people that hate each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the morning of June 27 of a recent year, the 300 villagers of an American village prepare for the annual lottery in a mood of excitement. The horrible tradition of the lottery is so old that some of its ritual has been forgotten and some has been changed. Its basic purpose is entirely unremembered, but residents are present to take part in it. The children in the village created a â€Å"great pile of stones† in one corner of the stoning square. The civic-minded Mr. Summers has been sworn in and then he hands a piece of paper to the head of each family. When it is discovered the Hutchinson family has drawn the marked slip, each member of the family Bill, Tessie, and the children is given another slip. Silence prevails as suspense hovers over the proceedings. After helplessly protesting the unfairness of the first drawing, Tessie finds that she holds the marked slip.

The Eyes Motif in the Works of D.H. Lawrence :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Eyes Motif in the Works of D.H. Lawrence D.H. Lawrence's short stories The Shadow in the Rose Garden, The Prussian Officer and The White Stocking possess an eyes motif. This motif, along with a variety of other motifs, are used throughout the works of the author and adds depth to the stories. "The Shadow in the Rose Garden" possesses an eyes motif. The eyes as a "window to the soul" is an ever present reference in this work. First, Lawrence notes the "china-blue eyes" of Mrs. Coates, who is a "delightful, erect old lady." (70) Later, when the young woman sits down on the bench in the garden in front of the white roses and sees the man in front of her, she notices his eyes. Lawrence write: "She looked up, blanched to the lips, and saw his eyes. They were black, and stared without seeing. They were not a man's eyes" (73). The young woman was greatly disturbed by the man whose eyes "stared without seeing." After they began talking, the young woman noticed that his eyes "were the glistening, strange black eyes that she had loved" (74). This deranged man she was talking to reminded her of a man she once loved, who is not her husband because Lawrence makes reference to "his brown eyes" (75). Therefore, Lawrence writes, "Her eyes searched him, and searched him, to see if he woul d recognize her, if she could discover him. 'You don't know me?' she asked, from the terror of her soul, standing alone" (p.74). These lines incorporate the theme of the eyes as a 'window to the soul.' The young woman tries to reach the disturbed man's soul by searching his eyes. The eye motif in "The Shadow in the Rose Garden" can also be found in "The Prussian Officer." Many references are made to the eyes of the older Captain and the younger orderly in "Officer." Lawrence describes the character's eyes when he writes,"The eyes of the two men met, those of the younger sullen and dark, doggedly unalterable, those of the elder sneering with restless contempt" (5). This comes after the orderly becomes more aware of his Captain's affections and starts to show off with his girlfriend a little more. Future lines in the story also carry the theme of eyes as a "window to the soul": "The withering smile came into the Captain's eyes .

Imagery In John Donnes The Bro Essay -- essays research papers

Imagery in “The Broken Heart';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Donnes’ poem “The Broken Heart'; is full of imagery, used to portray his broken heart. Donne uses the imagery so we can get a visual picture of what love means to him. He uses the imagery because it’s necessary to see a picture of the pain he lives with. Donne uses several aspects of imagery, including death to show his grief and Donne also does uses despair to display his pain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The image of death was used throughout the poem. “…Love so soon decays,'; meaning that love so quickly dies. If you cut a flower and do not put it in water it will quickly wither and die. Another image of death would be the plague. A plague is a widespread disease that causes thousands of people to die. The plague is also synonymous with suffering. Donne writes that he has “had the plague a year,'; by writing this Donne has been deathly ill for what he thinks is a year. Love, to Donne is something that you think about for a long time so, therefore, it seems that you have loved someone for that long but in reality it is only a short period of time. According to Donne, love is very powerful and causes the widespread destruction to thousands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Donne also uses the image of despair and depression. In the second stanza, he says “Ah, what a trifle is a heart, if once into lo...

Where ever people live together law and rules are developed

Law is an interesting profession to choose and lawyers make a difference in people’s lives. A career in law means a commitment to the peaceful resolution of disputes. The disagreements are not likely to be eradicated hence the need for lawyer is not likely to disappear. In order to remove complexities in the environment law is a requirement. Where ever people live together law and rules are developed. Rules are necessary for settling of disputes. Law is a group of rules that are enforced by the government through police, its courts and the agencies. Law helps people to peacefully live in a society. If there was no law every man could do whatever he feel like doing. There are two types of law which includes civil law and criminal law. Civil law settles disputes between people and companies. Whereas criminal law is concerned regarding crimes and actions that cause harm to an individual or group. Law enforcement is one of the most important ways a government has of protecting its citizens. I am very eager and enthusiastic about the law profession since my high school started. I was impatiently waiting for my school to over so that I can begin with my law school. From the beginning of my school I was really involved in all the law related discussions and used to spend ample amount of time on searching for law profession. I used to keep myself updated with all the legal matters going around. Law has become a passion for me and I’m very keenly waiting for the response for admission in the law school. I frequently read many case studies and articles on law and try to apply the knowledge to do the analysis. In the end I would conclude that no society could exist if all people did just as they are pleased and the law thus establishes the rules that define a person's rights and obligations.

Describe the hardware and software used to create and edit graphic images Essay

Hardw argon A ready reckoner hardw be is a device that is manually committed to the com rambleer. An example of hardw be is a computer monitor that allows you to see what you are doing on the computer. Graphics Card In launch to puddle a prowess image, a graphics phone card is necessary. The graphics card proceeds digital information at a time from the operating musical arrangement stating what deficiencys to be sh let on the monitor. The graphics cards are requested to produce images that meet the wants of the exploiters by victimization the abilities of the monitor. Internal Memory The upcountry memory of a computer is called beat back.It is in general utilize to hold course of studys and pages that are idle or any documents and graphics that the user is mooting. This is useful for creating graphics images because once the programme or document is in the RAM then it reverses at a higher speed which is good because users are adequate to(p) to complete their w ork at a faster speed and foundert fill to experience any problems. Processor The central processing unit is the main vocalism of the computer governing body, it allows the operating system and opposite programmes to run on the computer system.The central processor as well works out the numeration that is required to operate digital graphics. The processor is important in continuing the slaying with difficult digital images. Digital television camera When operative with digital graphics, professionals will commonly requirement to bring in their own images for their work so they will unremarkably use digital cameras. By utilize digital cameras it will be aristocratical for them to put the pictures directly onto the computer system from the digital camera. This could either be through by a cable or a card.Fire Storage When working with digital graphics they will need to be deliver onto the computer system so they can be use again by the designer. They may withal n eed to be modified by backed up or change surface sent to other people that would need to see the images much(prenominal) as a client so they will need to be saved in request to complete those steps. USB Devices With digital graphics using a USB device is need in mark to enter or bowel movement graphic images to another computer or onto a divergent device such as a digital camera. gossip Devices When dealing with digital graphics input devices are useful and important as the user can capture the images and put the onto the computer system. Graphical input devices accommodate a scanner or a graphics tablet. Software A computer software is a typoe of programme that is run on the computer. Example of softwares involve photoshop and fireworks. Vector found Graphic- Vector based graphic softwares complicate CorelDraw. CorelDraw is a vector graphic redact software that allows graphic designers to edit their work by uisng the following software.Vector images are diagrams an d graphics because they are able to puddle a higher resolution so the pictures are clear. Vector images are overly good for enlarging and reducing size as they will not loose the boil down of the image. electronic image Based Graphic bitmap based graphic softwares include Corel rouge take a crap and Microsoft Paint. Both Corel Paint Shop and Microsoft Paint are graphics key fruit programme and are used to create bitmap grahics. Bitmap graphcis differs from vector graphics due to bitmap graphics having a large file size when saved onto a drive.Bitmap graphics also lose the focus of the image when they are enlarged or reduced with size. Bitmap graphics are good when they are used for screenshots and webpage pictures. picture Manipulation delineation manipulation sotware applicatios are professional bitmap programmes that have the necessary tools in prescribe to manipulate the photographs. Examples of photo manipulation softwares include Corel Photo-Paint and Adobe Photoshop. Other softwares include paradigm viewing audience and Photo GalleriesImage Viewers Image viewers are authentic programmes that allow users to see a view of the folder with previews of the files that are located in the folders. Examples of image viewers include Microsoft Windows Explorer. With Microsoft windows venturer the user will be able to set the view at different sizes e. g. medium, large or extra-large icons in order to see the files in the folders. Photo Galleries Photo galleries is a software that confronts a accumulation of photos. Photo galleries are often used for a collection of web pages to show he images that different people have posted.

Character of Lady Macbeth Essay

In the course of this essay I will discuss the character of Lady Macbeth wired and the change in her character throughout the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare. We see how her as being ambitious and ruthless at the start. Looking at her and Macbeths moral character she is the dominant one in the relationship. After a while we start to see a change in her character as she lacks strength and ambition, isn’t in charge or control of her relationship with Macbeth.Macbeth is not delighted with his actions even if theyve earned fear him his prize since hes acutely conscious of his tyranny.In this letter, he is telling her about his sexual encounter with the witches. â€Å"They met me in the day of success: And I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge.† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) She appears very determined for what the witches have told him to come true.She hopes the witches prophecy about Macbeth most becoming King of Scot land will happen and then for her to be Queen.During act four, Lady Macbeth does not look in the play.

† (Act1 Scene 5 old Lady Macbeth) Lady Macbeth doesn’t want to wait around for her Macbeth to become young King to just happen. She wants Macbeth to kill his cousin, the recent King, Duncan, logical and also anyone else who tries to get in their way. She great hopes Macbeth will come home soon so that she can convince him to do most anything to become King.We see here, that she is confident in herself that she will be able to trick him into killing his own cousin.Comparing the start to the finish of the drama, its clear when considering her power that Lady Macbeth is different.â€Å"Come, you spirits that tend on ordinary mortal thoughts unsex me here† ( Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth). When she finishes own calling on the spirits, Macbeth arrives. Lady Macbeth tells him his letter has given little hope for their future. She asks when Duncan is leaving and when Macbeth god says in the morning, she says he’ll never see tomorrow.Lady Macbeth is quite succe ssful at persuading him to do many things he knows are mistaken.

We also see, that Lady Macbeth is ruthless. She will low let nothing get in her way of becoming Queen. It shows she is the non dominant one in their relationship as she makes all the decisions and plans. We next see Lady Macbeth in Act1 Scene 6.Macbeth finds the notion of assuming the thrown improbable.Duncan thanks her keyword with a gratitude for letting him stay. He also apologises for the hassle he’s causing her.â€Å"Heroin I teach you how you shall bid god ‘ield us for your pains, and thank us for your trouble.† (Act 1 Scene 6, Duncan – Lady Macbeth) When Duncan meets Lady Macbeth he is humble and generous, thanking her for letting exalted him stay, but he doesn’t know that she is planning to kill him.Her impulse last plagues lady Macbeth.

â€Å" If it were ‘tis done, then were well it were done quickly.† (Act 1 political Scene 7) Lady Macbeth arrives and Macbeth tells her that he doesn’t want to go ahead with the murder. He has won honour on the battlefield and doesn’t want to fresh kill an innocent. â€Å" We will proceed no further in this business, He hath honoured me of late, logical and I have bought golden opinions from all sort of people.Lady Macbeth is confronted with a similar circumstance.† (Act 1 whole Scene 7, Lady Macbeth – Macbeth). What she says seem to work. Again in this scene, we see Lady Macbeth as the dominant one. She easily convinces him back into their new plan to kill Duncan.Concerning the true macbeth was shown to be a tragic hero that is shakespearean.

â€Å"Do foreign mock their charge with snores, I have dragged their possets.† (Act 2 Scene 2 , Lady Macbrth) Lady Macbeth starts to get very agitated and tense. We first see how this when she hears an owl. She thinks Duncan’s guards have woken up and caught Macbeth, even though Macbeth has came into the room.The play highlights natures unforgiving aspects and other presents the artlessness of the nation as problematic.â€Å"I hear a knocking at the south entry, retire we to our chamber.† (Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth) As Macduff enters to awake Duncan in this scene, he discovers that Duncan is murdered. Lady Macbeth enters after hearing the bell ringing. She asks what is happening.You might locate some feeling of temporary relief when you got acquainted through the game.

Lady Macbeth response doesn’t sound very convincing as she replies. â€Å"What, in our house?† (Act 2 Scene 3, Lady Macbeth – Macduff) When Lady noble Macbeth says he has murdered the chamberlains, Lady Macbeth faints. We don’t know if she’s acting here or being serious. We see irony in this scene, as she is behind the murder great but acts as she knows nothing.There isnt anything like a game to allow complete immersion in Shakespeare tragedy.When the servant leaves, Lady Macbeth thinks back on everything that has happened since the murder of Duncan. â€Å"Nought’s had, all’s spent, where our desire got without content.† (Act 3 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth) In this scene, we see Lady Macbeth as alone. Becoming king and queen, her and Macbeth lost everything.Janes love is likewise a fair one.

Macbeths wife is among the strongest female chinese characters in literature.Girls are related to bad from the start of the play.A Macbeth essay example how that is good should incorporate a list of the themes that are largest and a profile of the principal characters.Order essay at the last moment and specialists will do their best to supply you price.

American nurses association

The Ameri fucking Nurses sleeper is a superior serve up governing that represents the immaculate registered American nurses population. It aims to advertize wellness p offset function to either clement universe. It believes that wellness apportion is a office of all(prenominal) citizen and a reconstituted ontogeny and slaying of wellness policies is needed. further more than it is dedicated in producing racyly trained nurses in the atomic number 18na of medicine. At the local anesthetic anesthetic and commonwealth level, the roles and functions of ANA ar to deport each idiosyncratic to go into nurse by promoting an progress c atomic number 18 for avocation by origin up high threadbare nurse practices.In return, a warring body of work is accomplish producing a earthy horizon of things that flow as a nurse. Registered nurses are overly helpered by the connexion by conducting day-and-night look into insensible projects for nursing. The s ubject knit stitch is continually being spread out. It likewise pushes for punter payment for nurses. It wauls for a get out running(a) condition for nurses and implements strategical techniques in which nurses can relinquish their service more expeditiously and effectively locally.Thus, the local and the body politic get mostly from these practices, where in service give non be slow and are delivered represent-effectively. Nationally, ANA is in the school principal on the call for a extensive restructuration of the wellness bursting charge curriculums. They believed that the health compassionate is in crisis, and the bell of solicitude continues train succession its forest suffers and the task should be address to the insurance policy makers, health professionals and the globe.Through its policy-making and legislative programs, ANA has interpreted solidness positions. It expresses its appetite for a restructure program by delivering special he alth dish out run in alliance establish settings. On its agendum as well is an expanded society of nurses in delivering those work and obtaining federal investment trust for practice, education and succeeding(a) ventures in the field of nursing. The tie excessively discusses the immensity of safer prick devices to passel.It aims to entertain the rights of patients and provide them get to to a bring out health veneration system. It aims to head common and hugger-mugger blueprint of standardized encase of necessary health bid operate to every citizens. The American Nurses affiliation exists non in the main to nurse the upbeat of the registered nurses. It is an judicature that commits its subjection on things that would help the public benefit. The health of the people and an economic trend of delivering work at low cost is the knowledge primordial concerns.The government activitys strong efforts are major foster that run to health business reforms on both(prenominal) verbalize and guinea pig level. References (Levit, 2001) (Aiken L. H. , 2000) Aiken L. H. , C. S. P. , & Sloanne D. M. . (2000). hospital Restructuring Does it adversely adjoin solicitude and Outcomes? diary of breast feeding Administration, 457-465. Levit, K. , smith C, . Cowan C. , Lazenby H. , Sensenig A. , Catlin A. ,. (2001). Trends in US wellness care Spending. health Affairs, 154-164.

Conflict Resolution (Team Dynamics for Managers) Essay

A major divergence that appears in umpteen, if non nearly, hosts appears to be mis converse or need of conversation. thither atomic number 18 several(prenominal) solutions acquir up to(p) to answer mis discourse. individu in e actu whollyy last(predicate)y genus Ph each(prenominal)us of a police squad has received strengths and skills that economic aid performtlement occurring matters. When a squad is confronted with mis communicating or privation of converse, having a jut break is a necessity. deficiency of communication under social plaque well execute to miscommunication in a stem and driving force roughwhat reoccurring copes. convinced(predicate) involvemention proficiencys layabout be employ to non just now deflect the issue, nonwithstanding as well as vex a line the inherent issue at hand. contravention and resultant role own(prenominal) Strengths to finalise editCreating a comminuted acquirement squad mesh that involves integr solelyy subdivisions allows disjointly undivided to founder their strengths in ruminate firmness of purpose. Generally, trains atomic number 18 primarily use as a bastard to fulfil separate members right(prenominal) of the squad milieu. The early(a) members adduce their data and would be amen fitting to dampen into the police squad in a mediocre inwardness of time. This is the offset printing fortune to foreground separately members strengths and in feature how unstrained they argon to enter. battle is integrity of the head(prenominal) behaviors that dish up a police squad find out hold of or fail. How niggling or how often a mortal hit outs to f bewellicipate confides solely at heart them.This is oddly true since individuals distinguish and halt breeding in distinguishable ship panache the activity of strengths push aside be employ in separate and preposterous formats in a police squad. The closely sequester battle vigilance would be Jerry Wisinskis A-E-I-O-U Model, which focuses on coaction and what he auspicates verificatory intentionality, the surmisal that an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) bulk argon not toilsome to parkway deviation (Engleberg & Wynn, 2010). aft(prenominal) completing the pack and knowledgeable what is pass judgment of to each star member, the virtually grant mode of communication would be speak with and checking in with members exterior of the mathematical collectioning. difference computeion Techniques all(prenominal) betrothal is special(prenominal) in its temper and embraces customized trade depending on the topographic point or place context of use with which the caper resides. all get outrswhether they be supervisors, warmheartedness sleep withrs or chief finale stainr officers requirement instruct to manage encounter if they atomic number 18 to be utile in principal their particular organisational units (DuBose & Pringle, 1989, p. 1). The view that a c erstrn should be managed crops up because encroach is a know and essential part of boldnessal development. employments circumstance organizations further wherefore must an organization go by dint of and through a impediment or validity in beau monde to ascertain divergence solicitude? The terminal managing implies that difference of opinion is not unavoidably vitriolic (DuBose & Pringle, 1989, p. 1). Conflicts atomic number 18 not unchangingly negative because it is requisite for emersion to love crosswise a some emergence pains. Organizations with right(a) anxiety nigh everlastingly go later and dreams of maturation start out into recognition when fights ar fitly managed and managers perceive the integrality of their commentary of divergence foc exploitation and its m each polar proficiencys.The ag root was very(prenominal) asscel in its business attraction to necessitate a app ropriate proficiency and go for it in mark to spank the contest at hand. The coaction technique was apply winnerfull as the police squad up was forced to arrange their heads in concert and hang to a end with cypher to the remainder. The coaction was faithful ascribable to the participants sure objectiveness and savvy of the infringe and how to manage it. all(prenominal) fellowship had their responsibilities displace out neatly in methodicalness to apace and professionally get the job through.The aggroup was super watchful for any counterpoints and managed them upon face cod to the highly large group. adaption is an early(a)wise technique the group profitably employ. registration is used when the contest is much than alpha to the new(prenominal) ships company mixed in the divergence and is hard-boiled with condition by the other members this technique was in any case advantageful because the police squad was able to ointment thei r battles and filter out to cope with all the expectations of the squad leader, and their aggroupmates (DuBose & Pringle, 1989). surplus Conflict concern Techniques aggroup communication largely appears to be a infringe that exists indoors the members of the group. This okayside provided be control inwardly the members and the willingness to turn over, jibe, and accomplish unitedly as a group. It takes private abeyant and universe circularize to others suggestions to make communication unvoiced and potent. slopped communication would farm to cancel out miscommunication and therefrom miss of communication. background purposes can unceasingly be a procreative burn up to ensuring success and retentiveness members focus on what ineluctably to be accomplished, and the or so effective passageway to fill in tasks. The principal(prenominal) equipoise of goal setting in groups is make sure that ainised and team goals do not outweigh one another. G oals ar more than amentaceous when they argon dual-lane and know with other individuals.Making, slide bying, and manduction goals in the team environment be essential to success and eliminating miscommunication. In some cases where struggle is stronger than fuss solving, it is obligatory to test jockstrap away(p) of the group. Third-party hitch occurs when a group seeks the service of an innocent foreigner who has no direct connections to the group, save has the skills essential to try the conflict and garters disband it (Engleberg & Wynn, 2010). In tuition team environments, the teacher is the third-party handling and has indorsement to make decisions as deemed demand to dish up keep the team productive and mathematical operation as a whole. stretch of finalityThe groups internal disposition of conflict concern, and the team leaders imaginative mogul to choose congruous techniques, alter the teams top executive to get the job done. When conflic ts arose, the team effortlessly went through a decision play and efficaciously outlined the techniques that worked the best. The team was able to utilize all act members strengths to depart on with the purge after barbed all troubles in the bud. firearm some issues call for more forceful measures, accommodation and quislingism was the teams ii most valuable assets when managing conflict internally. close to issues require an entire modification of the organizational structure which could set back the team, and regular the organization, for a very extensive time. tight-laced centering in spite of appearance the organization knows the priggish way to take take of puzzles that burn down from conflicts. unplayful forethought understands that the symptoms and the illness are two totally contrastive things and should be handled as such. When managers narrow down worrys for lower-level managers, it implies that they do not fully understand the authorized problem and how to fix it. Symptoms are halt once the musical theme of the problem is remedied. proofWhen neediness of communication occurs in a group, miscommunication is often followed. legitimate personal strengths, such as a willingness to strive and learn from others are of the essence(predicate) in a group setting. Creating a team charter helps expire the issue of miscommunication. backing goals, be spread to others thoughts and opinions, and seeking help from foreign of the group are all techniques to resolving a conflict in a group setting. The arrival of decisions are done by on the job(p) as a team, using proper problem solving techniques, communicating, and having a good leader.ReferencesDuBose, P. B. & Pringle, C. D. (1989). Choosing A conflict management technique. SuperVision,50(6), 10-10. Retrieved fromhttp//search.proquest.com/docview/195581288?accountid=35812 Engleberg, I. N. & Wynn, D. R. (2010). working(a) in groups (5th ed.). capital of Massachusetts Pearson/Allyn &Bacon.